1901 |
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Wildiers discovers that yeast requires a special growth factor which he names “bios”. Over the next 30 years, bios proves to be a mixture of essential factors, one of which – bios IIB – is biotin. |
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1916 |
Bateman observes the detrimental effect of feeding high doses of raw egg white to animals. |
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1927 |
Boas confirms the findings of dermatosis and hair loss in rats fed with raw egg white. She shows that this egg white injury can be cured by a “protective factor X” found in the liver. |
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1931 |
György also discovers this factor in the liver and calls it vitamin H (from Haut, the German word for skin). |
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1933 |
Allison and coworkers isolate a respiratory coenzyme – coenzyme R – that is essential for the growth of Rhizobium, a nitrogen-fixing bacterium found in leguminous plants. |
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1935 |
Kögl and Tönnis extract a crystalline growth factor from dried egg yolk and suggest the name ‘biotin’. |
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1940 |
György and his associates conclude that biotin, vitamin H and coenzyme R are identical. They also succeed in isolating biotin from the liver. |
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1942 |
Kögl and his group in Europe and du Vigneaud and his associates in the USA establish the structure of biotin. |
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1942 |
Sydenstricker and colleagues demonstrate the need for biotin in the human diet. |
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1943 |
Total synthesis of biotin by Harris and colleagues in the USA. |
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1949 |
Goldberg and Sternbach develop a technique for the industrial production of biotin. |
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1956 |
Traub confirms the structure of biotin by X-ray analysis. |
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1959 |
Lynen's group describes the biological function of biotin and paves the way for further studies on the carboxylase enzymes. |
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1971 |
First description of an inborn error of biotin-dependent carboxylase metabolism by Gompertz and associates. |
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1981 |
Burri and her colleagues show that the early infantile form of multiple carboxylase deficiency is due to a mutation affecting holocarboxylase synthetase activity. |
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1993 |
Wolf and coworkers suggest that late-onset multiple carboxylase deficiency results from a deficiency in biotinidase activity. |